Meaning
The executive is the part of the government that has sole authority and responsibility for the daily administration of the state. It is called executive because it is in charge of the ‘execution’ of the policies of the government. Thus, when we talk about ‘the government’, we usually mean the executive.
Functions
1. Responsible for implementation of laws and policies.
2. Involved in framing of policy
Permanent Executive
The administrative machinery that executes the decisions of the government is called the ‘bureaucracy’ or the permanent executive.
Features
Neutrality
Bureaucrats cannot take any political position on a policy decision or violate or oppose policies enacted by the Parliament or Government.
Professional, Permanent & Meritorious
The Constitution says that they be selected on the basis of merit. The UPSC (Union Public Services Commission) performs the task of conducting exams for recruitment of civil servants.
Equality
The Constitution ensures that weaker and oppressed sections of society are equally represented in the bureaucracy by reserving seats for scheduled tribes, other backwards classes and women.
Centralised
Though the officers are supervised by the State governments, they are appointed by the Central government, and only central government can initiate action against them. This feature of bureaucracy strengthens the control of the central government over the administration of the states.
Classification
All India Services
IAS – Indian Administrative Service
IPS – Indian Police Service
Central Services
IFS – Indian Foreign Service
Indian Customs and Central Excise Service
State Services
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